Temporal niche partitioning is a key evolutionary mechanism that facilitates species coexistence, yet knowledge gaps remain, particularly concerning nocturnal partitioning. We investigate nocturnal niche partitioning in a bat community along an altitudinal gradient by mist-netting bats over 151 nights across six years and 53 sampling sites. In total, 20 cooccurring species were detected with overlapping activity windows. Activity patterns were characterized by three main features: number of activity peaks, their timing, and intensity, which in turn shaped species composition throughout the night. Species sharing habitats (i.e. syntopic species, e.g. M. bechsteinii, P. auritus and M. escalerai) cooccur with up to 50%-60% temporal niche overlap. Other sympatric cryptic species (e.g., M. myotis/blythii) may exhibit higher temporal overlap if they show significant differences in foraging habitats or prey preferences. Temporal partitioning is affected by morphological traits, with larger species generally peaking later in the night, and by different responses to environmental factors. These include, for example, moon illumination or tree layer, which affect predation risk, resource availability (prey, roosts), and thermoregulation, which in turn reflect on activity patterns. This is the first study to describe nocturnal niche partitioning in an insectivorous bat community along an environmental gradient, providing a novel perspective into how behavioural traits and environmental factors shape species coexistence. This study shows that temporal niche partitioning across the night is an important complementary mechanism for sustaining diverse and dynamic bat communities.