RESEARCH PAPER
Using activity and occupancy to evaluate niche partitioning: the case of two peccary species in the Atlantic Rainforest, Brazil
 
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1
Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University
 
2
Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University
 
3
Wildlife Laboratory, Embrapa Pantanal, Corumbá, Mato Grosso do Sul, Brazil
 
 
Online publication date: 2018-08-07
 
 
Publication date: 2018-12-17
 
 
Corresponding author
Atilla Colombo Ferreguetti   

Department of Ecology, Rio de Janeiro State University, Rua São Francisco Xavier, n°524, Pavilhão Haroldo Lisboa da Cunha, 2°andar, sala 224. Bairro Maracanã, CEP: 20550-019. Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil.
 
 
Hystrix It. J. Mamm. 2018;29(2):168-174
 
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ABSTRACT
Collared and white-lipped peccaries (Pecari tajacu and Tayassu pecari, respectively) are widely distributed, herd-forming ungulates that are sympatric in a variety of Neotropical ecosystems. Patterns of co-occurrence and niche partitioning are still poorly understood in sympatric peccary populations in the Atlantic Forest. We aimed to test the hypothesis that the collared and white-lipped peccary avoided each other by some degree of niche partitioning in the Vale Natural Reserve, Espírito Santo state, southeastern Brazil. Species-specific occupancy, detection, and activity patterns were estimated from camera-trap data collected at 39 sample sites over a 1-year period. We found that both peccary species respond to similar habitat covariates (palm density, distance to water resources, poaching intensity). We also quantified the probability of co-occurrence, or the Species Interaction Factor (SIF), using a two-species occupancy modelling approach. We found that the two species avoided each other in space (SIF=0.41±0.02), thus providing evidence for niche partitioning. Specifically, occupancy of the collared peccary was significantly lower at sites occupied by the white-lipped peccary (ψBA=0.24 ± 0.08) when compared to sites unoccupied by the white-lipped peccary (ψBa=0.80±0.05). We also found weak evidence for temporal niche partitioning, with the white-lipped peccary being more restricted to diurnal hours. Our results contribute to our knowledge of species ecology and the potential mechanisms of coexistence for peccary species in the Vale Natural Reserve.
eISSN:1825-5272
ISSN:0394-1914
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